火球框架下的不同角区域形成的脉冲     

董云明  赵晓红  贾兰伟 《天文研究与技术》2007,4(3):205-215

在火球模型下,研究了不同的无联系的和有联系的角区域的脉冲性质。发现:(1)FRED脉冲形状的上升和下降阶段来自于火球面的不同角区域,并且上升部分主要来自于靠近视线轴向的角区域部分;(2)整个火球形成的FRED脉冲形状主要是有张角为γ6/10的角区域部分提供;(3)球形火球或者张角大于γ6/10的喷流可以形成FRED脉冲形状。如果伽玛暴源不是球形火球或者也不是张角大于γ6/10的喷流,则形成的观测脉冲不是FRED形状。  相似文献   

Response of plant growth to surface water balance during a summer dry period in the Kazakhstan steppe     

Yoshihiro Iijima  Tsuneo Kawaragi  Takehiko Ito  Kanat Akshalov  Atsushi Tsunekawa  Masato Shinoda 《水文研究》2008,22(16):2974-2981

In drylands, water deficit is the primary factor limiting plant growth. In the present study, surface energy balance and plant growth (above‐ground and below‐ground biomass) were measured continuously during the 2002 growing season in semiarid grassland in the northern part of Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Although there was above normal total rainfall during the 2002 growing season (May–November; 244 mm over 183 days), there was a dry period during July and August. Evaporative water was effectively supplied by precipitation and surface soil moisture during the wet season (May and June), during which time above‐ground biomass increased. During the early stages of the dry period, mature plants were likely to tap deeper sources of soil moisture, representing stored snowmelt water. As the soil moisture content decreased during the summer dry period due to the high levels of evapotranspiration and lack of precipitation, the evaporative fraction and above‐ground biomass rapidly decreased, whereas the below‐ground biomass increased. These results suggest that in summer, soil moisture acts to store water, and that soil moisture is essential for plant growth as a direct source of water during the dry period in natural grasslands in the Kazakhstan steppe. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Modelling potential impacts of coalbed methane development on stream water quality in an American watershed     

Xixi Wang  Wanhong Yang 《水文研究》2008,22(1):87-103

Coalbed methane (CBM) development raises serious environmental concerns and concerted efforts have been made to collect chemistry, salinity, and sodicity data on CBM produced water. A model is sorely needed to make use of this data to quantify potential changes in stream water quality resulting from directly and/or indirectly receiving CBM produced water, on which little information is available in the literature. However, the application of existing hydrodynamic and water quality models such as CE‐QUAL‐W2 is not straightforward because the number of outfalls is usually large and the channels poorly defined for intermittent streams in semiarid areas such as the Powder River watershed, located in the states of Wyoming and Montana. Hence, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a CBM produced water routing (CBMPRO) model, and (2) apply the new CBMPRO model, along with a CE‐QUAL‐W2 model, to examine potential changes in stream water quality due to CBM development in the Powder River watershed. The CBMPRO model was developed and used to chart the CBM discharge and the transport of its associated constituents (e.g. total dissolved solids and alkalinity) from an outfall to its inclusive subwatershed outlet. In turn, the outputs from the CBMPRO model were applied as inputs into the CE‐QUAL‐W2 model to predict changes in the water quantity and quality along the Powder River mainstem. The results indicate that discharges from CBM developments adversely affect the stream water quality. Compared with the baseline conditions, the developments would increase the stream flows as well as make the stream water warmer and more saline. In addition, the impacts were predicted to undergo seasonal and spatial variations and to become smaller with time, as expected. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Shallow Decay of X-ray Afterglows in Short GRBs： Energy Injection from a Millisecond Magnetar？     

Yu Yu Yong-Feng Huang 《中国天文和天体物理学报》2007,7(5):669-674

With the successful launch of Swift satellite,more and more data of early X-ray afterglows from short gamma-ray bursts have been collected.Some interesting features such as unusual afterglow light curves and unexpected X-ray flares are revealed.Especially,in some cases,there is a fiat segment in the X-ray afterglow light curve.Here we present a simplified model in which we believe that the flattening part is due to energy injection from the central engine.We assume that this energy injection arises from the magnetic dipole radiation of a millisecond pulsar formed after the merger of two neutron stars.We check this model with the short GRB 060313.Our numerical results suggest that energy injection from a millisecond magnetar could make part of the X-ray afterglow light curve flat.  相似文献   

河南省自然旅游资源的成因分类     

甄习春 《河南国土资源》2000,(3)

本文较系统地阐述了河南省主要自然旅游资源的类型 ,依据其成因可划分为岩石圈、水圈、生物圈及大气圈旅游资源共 12类 ,2 2个景观类型  相似文献   

Wellsite Evaluation Method of Undercompacted Formation     

Guo Qingxia  Wei Xinghua  Hu Yutao  Yang Haibo 《东北亚地学研究》2000,(2)

IntroductionAny of the drilling operation is risky. The riskwould be higher especially when entering the unknown over - pressure Formation. So, we have todetect and evaluate the FOrmation pressure by allmeans (Table 1) in order to have the safe drillingop…  相似文献   

辽宁省海水入侵成因及防治措施     

寇英杰  王颖 《国土资源》2000,(1)

海水入侵是在自然和人为因素综合作用下形成的地质灾害。辽宁省海水入侵自 70年代以来呈逐渐增加趋势 ,具有入侵面积广、发展速度快等特点。目前海水入侵已成为我国较为突出的地质灾害 ,给工农业生产和人民生活造成很大危害。针对海水入侵形成机制及危害程度的地域性 ,目前已采取不同的防治措施 ,如控制开采 ,人工回灌 ,修建地下水库等 ,取得一定效果。  相似文献   

Fluid Institutions: Commons in Transition in the Periurban Interface     

Aditya Kumar Singh  Vishal Narain 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(5):606-615

Amidst growing concern about the decline of the commons, this case underscores the importance of understanding how the commons are refashioned and remade to address emerging challenges in periurban spaces. This article describes how institutions surrounding the use of common property resources get transformed and evolve in periurban contexts. What were once johads – common property village ponds – undergo a change in their usage from storing rainwater to storing waste water of the city for irrigation. This emerges as a collective response to the uncertainty attached to the availability of waste water. New institutions evolve with regard to contributions to waste water infrastructure, as well as the appropriation of waste water. Further research should document the changing use of village commons and the emergence of new institutions governing them.  相似文献   

智慧城市时空大数据平台下自然资源档案管理系统的升级与改造     

戚文来  韩娟 《测绘通报》2020,(11):155

随着智慧城市时空大数据平台的建成，依托其时间的可追溯性、空间的全面性、数据类型的多样性，自然资源档案管理系统有了较大的升级改造空间。本文通过对智慧城市大数据平台中时空信息大数据、时空信息云平台、支撑环境、智慧应用示范4个方面建设内容的分析，研究了如何通过对自然资源档案管理系统中的档案数据整理入库功能进行升级、对系统功能模块进行改造，以实现自然资源档案的图、数、档一体化管理，从而满足自然资源部门对档案的管理与使用需求。  相似文献   

Evaluating the Process and Outcomes of Collaborative Conservation: Tools,Techniques, and Strategies     

Rebecca E. W. Thomas  Arren Mendezona Allegretti 《社会与自然资源》2020,33(4):433-441

Abstract

Collaborative conservation has been touted as a viable option for addressing contentious natural resource stewardship issues in a way that represents the diverse voices impacted by, and involved in, conservation decisions. Engaging meaningfully in collaborative conservation involves overcoming a unique set of challenges while also realizing opportunities. In this special issue, we use the term collaborative conservation evaluation to encompass research and evaluation related to collaborative governance and collaborative natural resource management projects, programs, or decision-making processes that leverage a participatory approach, involve multiple stakeholders, and incorporate a range of contemporary evaluation approaches. Here, we provide a series of articles and tools intended to highlight different approaches to evaluation that utilize a variety of methodologies adapted for different contexts. We intend for these articles to spark further conversation and inspire future directions in evaluating collaborative conservation for researchers and practitioners.  相似文献